II Study this example_situation:

you use these to show

it is direct speech

You want to tell someone else what Tom said.

There are two ways of doing this:

You can repeat Tom's words (direct speech):

Tom said, "I'm feeling sick."

Or you can use reported speech:

Tom said (that) he was feeling sick.

Compare the two sentences:

direct Tom said, "~~J f~eling sick."

reported Tom said (that) ~l was feeling sick.

I'm going to 1 can't come

quit my to the party

job. on Friday.

Now you tell someone else what Tom said (in reported speech):

• Tom said (that) his parents were very well.

• Tom said (that) he was going to quit his job.

• Tom said (that) Ann had bought a new car.

• Tom said (that) he couldn't come to the party on Friday.

• Tom said (that) he wanted to go on vacation, but he didn't know where to go.

• Tom said (that) he was going away for a few days and would call me when

he got back.

The simple past (I did) can usually stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it

to the past perfect (I had done): did ---7 did or had done

direct' Tom said "I woke up feeling sick and so 1stayed in bed."

reported Tom said (that) he woke (or had woken) up feeling sick and so he stayed (or had

stayed) in bed.

For reported speech see also Units 46 and 48b.

When we use reported speech, we ate usually talking about the past. So verbs usually

change to the past in reported speech. For example:

am/is ---7 was have/has ---7 had can ---7 could

are ---7 were will---7 would do/want/know ---7 did/wanted/knew, etc.

Study these examples. You met Tom. Here are some things he said to you: 

I'm going away for a Ann has bought 1 want to go on vacation, but

few days. I'll call you a new car. 1 don't know where to go.

when 1 get back.